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Space radiation is one of the most important
issues to consider in the design of space systems. Electronic equipment that
is used in space missions and satellite devices encounters ionizing
particles, which can cause some problems in their normal operation. The
damage caused by cosmic radiation to electronic equipment can be divided into
three categories: total ionizing dose (TID), displacement damage (DD) and
single event effect (SEE). Some countermeasure systems must be incorporated
into the design of space systems in order to address radiation damage to
successfully execute a space mission. One of the most effective solutions is
the design of adequate shielding to protect sensitive electronic parts. Lightweight materials cannot efficiently attenuate
the energetic electrons and protons, and heavy materials can create secondary
particles. The combination of high-density shielding materials and
low-density shielding materials is an ideal strategy.
NASAT™ technology is based on a large sequence of HD and LD shielding
nano-components. This
nanotechnology based on Tungsten and Boron nano-components has been optimized
through the use of software simulators and genetic algorithms. The size of
the nano-components, their distribution and proportion in the epoxy
suspension are characteristics of this technology for shielding gamma and
neutron radiation. Space is a very complicated environment and
contains a large variety of particles with different characteristics.
Actually, there is no laboratory practically to simulate such a complex
environment on the Earth. Therefore computational methods are effective tools
to design radiation shields. NASAT™ technology effectiveness has been
evaluated with computational methods based on simulation tools (e.g. Geant4)
and validated by experimental results with some limits. The performance of NASAT™ technology has been
evaluated in the context of the geometrical properties of the MIND™ device. A
Genetic Algorithm has been used to process the results from simulations
(fitness-function of the GA) and optimize the density of
nano-components. Another GA has been used to optimize the geometrical
disposition of electronic components. This optimization is obtained by
minimizing the incident radiations on the surface of the silicon wafer for
all the electronic devices or by maximizing the effectiveness of Tripe
Modular Redundancy relatively to all the possible positions of one radiations
source.
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